Mini Excavator & Skid Steer Glossary

Plain-English explanations of the terms you'll see in excavator and skid steer specs and brochures.

  • Glossary
  • 2 min read
  • Published 17 September 2026
R18 PRO Excavator with Kubota Engine and Hydraulic Quick Hitch Featured machine R18 PRO Excavator $25,750 View machine

Machine specs

Operating weight
The machine's weight ready to work, typically including fluids, a bucket and an operator allowance. Used for stability, trailer and towing calculations.
Rated power
The engine's output, usually in kilowatts (kW) or horsepower (HP).
Maximum digging depth
How deep the bucket can reach below ground level with the boom fully extended.
Digging radius / reach
The furthest horizontal distance the bucket can reach from the machine's centre.
Dumping height
The maximum height at which the bucket can empty, important when loading trucks or skips.
Transport width
The machine's overall width for moving and fitting through access points.
Bucket capacity
The volume a bucket holds, usually in cubic metres (m³).
Ground pressure
How the machine's weight is spread over the tracks — lower means less damage to lawns and soft ground.
Rated load (skid steers)
The load a loader is rated to carry safely in the bucket or on forks.

Design features

Zero tail swing
The rear of the machine stays within the track width when rotating, so you can work close to walls and fences. The R32 PRO is a zero-tail-swing design.
Boom swing
The boom can pivot left and right independently of the cab, useful for digging alongside walls.
Dozer blade
The blade at the front for backfilling, levelling and stabilising the machine while digging.
Canopy / ROPS / FOPS
Operator protection structures: ROPS protects in a rollover, FOPS against falling objects.
Retractable undercarriage
Tracks that narrow for access and widen for stability (on some models).

Hydraulics

Auxiliary hydraulics
Extra hydraulic lines to power attachments like augers, breakers and hydraulic thumbs.
Pilot controls
Low-effort hydraulic joysticks that give smoother, finer control.
Gear pump / plunger pump
Types of hydraulic pump. Plunger (piston) pumps generally give higher pressure and smoother flow than simple gear pumps.
Load-sensing hydraulics
A system that adjusts flow to demand for efficiency and control.
Multi-way valve
The control valve that directs oil to each function (boom, arm, bucket, swing, tracks).

Attachments

Quick hitch / quick change
A coupler for swapping attachments fast. Hydraulic versions are operated from the seat.
Thumb / clamp
A jaw that works against the bucket to grip logs and rocks.
Tilt bucket
A bucket that tilts sideways to shape batters and drainage falls.
Grid (skeleton) bucket
A slotted bucket that sifts soil from rocks and roots.
4-in-1 bucket
A skid steer bucket that opens to grab, doze, grade and load.

Put the terms to work in our buying guide and model comparison.

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